Tag: solar energy

How Solar EPCs Can Collaborate with Communities

Posted on by Gino Geruntino

Solar development sometimes faces an uphill battle in getting buy-in from municipalities. 

Community members can distrust large-scale solar projects for many reasons. From concerns about rows of solar panels clogging picturesque views to fears about tanking property values, it’s a challenge.  

But perhaps the biggest issue solar EPCs face when working with small communities is a lack of communication. 

The Pitfalls of Poor Communication 

Unfortunately, poor communication can be dangerous for everyone involved. When stakeholders have concerns, it breeds mistrust, delays, and even opposition leading to canceled projects. 

On the flip side, sharing the right information at the right time can keep everyone aligned, making the process smoother. This means going beyond gathering rubber stamp approvals and actively participating in the community. 

Every community is unique, requiring developers to understand and embrace them in different ways. Being proactive and intentional with how we communicate, listening to and addressing potential concerns, and building trust are crucial. 

Why Communities Cast Shade on Solar 

It’s not that people don’t like solar energy development; they just don’t want projects too close to them. 

People call this fierce local community reaction to new projects NIMBY – Not in My Backyard. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, NIMBY “connotes the unwillingness of individuals to accept the construction of large-scale projects by corporations or governmental entities nearby, which might affect their quality of life and the value of their property.” 

We first started hearing the acronym in the late 1970s, but social scientists didn’t adopt its use until the early 1980s. Since then, NIMBY has become a rallying cry for community groups concerned about negative development near their homes. 

But the truth is NIMBY concerns arise for many reasons. 

Aesthetics 

Renewable energy projects offer plenty of low-cost energy, but they aren’t exactly bastions of beauty. Although solar developers can’t change how panels and racking systems look, they can try hiding them. 

Typically, this includes beautification efforts like creating region-specific landscapes and pollinator habitats. Though neither completely obscures the panels from view, they go a long way toward helping them blend in. 

Location and Size 

Community-scale solar sites are smaller than utility-sized installations but are still large. 

The sheer size of these projects can overwhelm rural communities despite benefiting from the electricity produced. People may be afraid that the land won’t be usable for farming or grazing purposes. 

Sites may also be visible from the roadside, affecting scenic rural views. 

Tanking Property Values  

Some homeowners living near solar farms believe their property values will slump. 

However, a recent Virginia Tech report analyzing nearly 9 million home sales near solar sites discovered some interesting data. According to them, farm and vacant land within two miles of solar sites increased in value by 19%. 

VT’s data is more complicated for residential properties. Homes within three miles of solar sites saw a 4.8% drop in value. However, losses were mitigated by larger lot sizes, more distance, and project age. 

Land Use Worries 

While many developers aim to build on unattractive, inexpensive land, sometimes the best locations are situated on agricultural land. 

When farmland becomes the focal point for development, some people may see it as a waste or an attack on local farmers. They think farmers could be using the land for crops or animals and are missing out because of the solar panels. 

Partisan Politics (Us vs. Them) 

Politics can divide people, but they may also galvanize communities against outside threats. 

The idea is that corporations and large-scale companies will come in and ruin the rural way of life. For some, it could mean destroying the landscape. For others, it may be the thought of rural communities bearing the brunt of a project so other communities and companies can benefit. 

Worse yet, the project could draw the ire of folks who believe new solar jobs could be temporary. This may leave community members questioning the project’s value. 

Good Ol’ Fashioned Misinformation 

Mark Twain once said, “A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.” 

From tales of toxins leeching into the water to talk of solar panels damaging the land, misconceptions are everywhere. But rumors and stories can quickly obscure the truth about renewable energy.  

Though some concerns are malicious and meant to derail projects, many are simply misconceptions. In large part, these rumors typically stem from a lack of solar education coming from trusted experts. 

Forging Relationships 

No matter how you slice it, the problem remains – people in small, rural communities don’t trust developers. 

When solar EPCs approach rural projects, they must look beyond the X’s and Os. Any large-scale electrical generation project is a massive undertaking and can drastically change communities. 

Listening to community members and understanding their needs goes a long way. As both sides build trust, it opens doors for more effective communication and stronger partnerships. 

But what does collaboration with a small community look like? 

Find Sites That Work for Everyone 

Look for sites that could benefit from revitalization, like brownfields, industrial sites, or undesirable land. Avoid important community areas, like working farmland or popular animal habitats. 

Work with community groups and other organizations to promote environmental practices. From agrovoltaics and ecovoltaics to soil erosion and habitat protection, companies have many worthy causes to pursue. 

Additionally, find ways to beautify the land and generate power without imposing on nearby properties. 

Practice Active Listening 

Solar projects are a huge commitment for rural communities. Developers should aim to integrate themselves into the region. 

This should occur early in the project, particularly during the planning and development phases. Ask for input from local leaders, homeowners, policymakers, and citizen groups, and be attentive to their needs. These people may become advocates for the project and should be in the loop throughout its development. 

Creating collaboration opportunities also means building relationships with local groups that can engage others on your behalf. Their goal is to fill information gaps and address blind spots well before shovels hit the dirt. 

Reach People Where They Are 

Project development for community- and utility-scale solar sites involves years of planning. 

Attending public forums, listening proactively, addressing concerns honestly, and sharing data and insights are critical to building trust. Solar EPCs should also consider using multiple types of media to inform stakeholders. 

People don’t consume only one type of information. Invest in physical, digital, and in-person methods to reach people in the forums they’re active in. Every touchpoint is an opportunity to address concerns, educate, and offer critical updates. 

Address Misinformation Early 

People naturally have questions about renewable energy generation, but not every fear is factual. 

When questions and rumors arise, answer honestly and actively listen to citizens. With that said, be ready to combat misinformation with facts, figures, and trusted sources. 

Without accurate data, citizens are less likely to support long-term projects. The result could be delays, opposition, political pushback, and even cancellation. 

Build Strong Partnerships 

Start building meaningful relationships with local organizations, utilities, community groups, and politicians. They’ll be able to help with the approval process and keep everything moving smoothly. 

It starts with learning who the key stakeholders are and working closely with them. Potential partners include neighborhood groups and business organizations, non-profits, colleges, and even farming associations. 

Making inroads with local organizations provides solar EPCs with more viewpoints and information. 

Honesty is the Best Policy 

NIMBY relies on the idea that citizens don’t trust large-scale developers. 

To break the stigma and promote collaboration, share information freely. Provide as much information as possible and offer it in ways that are easily accessible, digestible, and well-sourced. Try to avoid heavy-handed industry jargon that causes eyes to glaze over – focus on real-world examples for proof. 

Additionally, take time to consider how setting up a renewable energy generation plant will impact people. Take the time to highlight the positives of these projects once they’re complete, including permanent jobs, low-cost power, and tax benefits. 

Discuss Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs)  

A CBA is a legal agreement between a developer and the community, covering everything the community will receive by supporting (or not opposing) local development. 

Towns that sign a CBA earn several concessions in the form of investments. For example, towns could receive new parks, greenspaces, or community centers, or negotiate for better energy costs. Municipalities could also receive funding for low-income programs, workforce education, and other initiatives. 

Beyond standard legal agreements, being a good neighbor means integrating into the community. Companies can sponsor events, host open houses, and create programs allowing citizens to participate in the project’s long-term success. 

Collaboration vs. Competition 

Solar development shouldn’t be a battle. 

Developers should pay attention to citizens and work openly with community organizers to create positive outcomes for everyone. Building rapport with citizens and advocacy groups often streamlines projects, reduces delays, and improves stakeholder relations. These partnerships, if strong enough, also help fight negative press, creeping misinformation, and other showstoppers. 

Clean energy is part of the future, but only if everyone is on board. Better, deeper, and more honest partnerships get us all where we want to go.

Bee Kind: Developing Pollinator-Friendly Solar Projects

Posted on by bop-admin

As solar projects pop up nationwide, developers are embracing the idea of doing more with the land they utilize.  

Occasionally, solar EPCs work with farmers to introduce sheep and goats to their sites – this is called agrivoltaics. The animals get a safe space to graze, and solar site operators get free 24/7 mowing services. 

But another concept is also gaining steam in the solar community – pollinator-friendly habitats. From bumblebees and butterflies to moths, flies, birds, and certain bats, plenty of creatures can take advantage of pollinator sites. 

Pollinator habitats are part of the growing ecovoltaics movement, marrying ecology, biodiversity, and renewable energy. The result is a new-age conservation effort promoting clean energy production, land conservation, and natural beauty.  

But what’s the incentive for developers to spend time and money building dual-purpose ecovoltaic sites? 

Why Solar EPCs Buzz About Pollination 

Utility-scale solar farms typically sit on former brownfields, undesirable areas, and unused farmland. 

But native plants and vegetation do more than add pops of color to an otherwise unattractive installation. They help developers maximize land use while saving money and improving performance. 

Safer, More Efficient Projects 

Native flowers, shrubs, and other plants reduce erosion risks, especially for hillside installations. 

It can take several years for native plant species to establish themselves, allowing their extensive root systems to tightly hold soil. But over time, these plants improve overall soil health, compaction, and topsoil nutrient density. 

Adding perennials, shrubs, and other long-term native vegetation can protect installations from potential damage. For example, in the Northeast, infrastructure is susceptible to frost heave damage. Frost heaves occur when water freezes underground, causing the surface ground to rise. Heaves can severely damage infrastructure, including solar panel racking and foundations. 

Beyond improving soil and preventing damage, native plants block weeds and other invasive species. Unlike random flowers and invasive plants, native species are best-suited to survive. 

Better Performance 

Solar installations rely on many factors to optimize solar panel efficiency, including plant use. 

Unlike bare ground, which can trap heat and cause ambient air temperatures to fluctuate, native plants stabilize and reduce temperatures around panels. According to data from Yale, regional vegetation reduces the temperature around solar systems, improving solar panel performance. 

Plants absorb heat, creating a cooler microclimate around the base of the solar panels. The cooler temperatures, in turn, boost solar power plant efficiency. 

Another factor dictating performance is dust buildup on the panels’ faces. Dust blocks panels from collecting sunlight, reducing power production, and can quickly compound across utility-scale solar power sites, forcing crews to clear and clean panels. 

Native plant species use their roots to hold dirt and soil and reduce dust buildup. In turn, solar panels don’t pick up as much dust, and crews don’t have to clean as often. 

Supports Biodiversity 

According to the United States Geological Survey, there are roughly 4,000 bee species in the U.S. and over 20,000 globally. 

Native bees pollinate about 80 percent of the world’s flowering plants, but their populations have suffered recently. Researchers at Washington State University suggest commercial honeybee colonies could drop by up to 70% this year. If the number sounds alarming, it is – the average annual loss is typically 40-50%. 

Bee colonies face several dangers in the wild, including mite infestations, poor nutrition, and pesticides. To better protect delicate species, developers can invest in native plants that bloom at different times of the year. This keeps the solar project looking beautiful and creates food for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. 

Cleaner Water 

Farming is crucial to our country, but it can potentially harm the environment. 

Farming uses fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals to ward off pests and improve crop yields, but they come at a cost. Fertilizer helps plant growth, but rainstorms and irrigation systems allow nitrate and phosphorus runoff to reach rivers and streams. 

According to Clean Wisconsin, solar projects with perennial grassland reduced phosphorus entering nearby water 75-95%, compared to row crop farms.  

Solar installations take former farmland and use it for power generation. Adding local pollinator plants reduces contaminants in the soil while improving farming conditions for future use. 

Lower Labor, Operations, and Maintenance Costs 

Native plants, especially perennials, need less maintenance than standard grass. 

When developers use local plant species, they help prevent weeds and other invasive species from taking over. They also collect and retain moisture for the land, reducing dust. For crews, more perennials mean less time moving, fewer pesticides, and less frequent cleanings. 

Damage Control 

Maintenance goes far beyond cutting the grass and doing some weed whacking. Well-established pollinator plants provide excellent erosion control. Soil erosion threatens every part of a solar project, potentially damaging roads, ground pads, and solar panel foundations. Any damage to critical infrastructure reduces output, creates hazards, and puts projects at risk. 

Additionally, soil erosion can lead to pollution. Soil runoff following a heavy storm or snowmelt sends sediment, pesticides, and other chemicals into rivers and streams. If this happens, developers could face fines and other penalties. 

Less soil erosion also means crews spend less money on stormwater infrastructure. Because the plants hold dirt in place and absorb rainwater, there’s less need for extensive drainage systems. This isn’t to say companies can eliminate drainage systems entirely, but plants go a long way toward helping. 

Vegetation is Encouraged 

Several states have regulations requiring solar developers to use pollinator-friendly regional plants, including New York, Illinois, Maryland, and South Carolina. 

But even if vegetation regulations aren’t in place, it’s still good practice. Solar developers are leaning into creating pollinator-friendly environments, not only because of their beauty, but for goodwill. 

Local communities sometimes aren’t thrilled about solar projects, calling them eyesores. Planting local trees and shrubs helps obscure the panels from the roadside, offering a better view than metal racking.  

Sun-Pull Solar Farm Install

Those same trees and plants can also pay back local farmers – literally. 

More pollinators mean more pollination, and as bees, butterflies, and moths move pollen, nearby farms could see higher yields. According to one Clean Wisconsin study, soybean yields near pollinator-friendly solar sites increased by $250 per acre annually. 

Most importantly, well-thought-out native plant programs could reduce permitting red tape and improve community relations. Work with local and state conservation organizations to determine what plants work best for the area. 

Pollinator Planting Tips 

If you’ve ever planted a garden, you know how difficult it is to keep everything alive and fruitful. 

Unlike a garden, pollinator plants at solar sites are much more forgiving. With the right plant selection, placement, and patience, developers can create beautiful landscapes everyone can enjoy. 

Choose the Right Plants for the Environment 

Don’t select flowers and bushes because they’re cost-effective; look for plants that fit the region and environment. 

Combine native shrubs, trees, plants, flowers, and grasses to create diverse habitats. Additionally, find plants and flowers that bloom throughout the year, not all at once. This ensures pollinators can access nectar at every life stage and every season. 

Additionally, like solar panels, plants thrive with sunlight, often requiring at least six hours per day. Understand which plants thrive best in which conditions – some soak up the rays while others are more sensitive to intense light. 

Avoid Pesticides When Possible 

Pesticides impact plant growth, and research has linked them to bee colony deaths. If maintenance crews must use pesticides, keep it to a minimum. For example, pesticides could work for small areas and spot treatment of weeds, but may kill the pollinators we want to protect. 

Be Strategic and Patient 

Understanding how plants operate in their natural settings goes a long way. 

Don’t overplant to fill space – some vegetation needs room to thrive and build strong root systems. It also helps to keep some bare ground available for water puddling, which ground insects like wasps, bees, beetles, and butterflies need for habitats. 

Once crews have finished planting, the best thing developers and operators can do is wait. It can sometimes take plants 2-3 years to fully establish themselves, with others taking as long as five to develop strong root systems. 

Giving plants the time and space to reach their full potential leads to better installations and more beautiful landscapes. 

When In Doubt, Hire it Out 

Let’s face it – some project developers weren’t born with a green thumb, and that’s ok. Invest in a horticulturalist or landscaper with in-depth knowledge of the region, project, and goals. 

Landscape experts can determine what shrubs, flowers, and plants make the most sense, where they should go, and prescribe care plans. With those tools in place, crews can build pollinator palaces that look great and help the planet.

Will Solar Interconnection and Permitting Improve in 2025?

Posted on by bop-admin

In 2024, the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) said the United States added about 50 GWdc of grid capacity. This was the second straight year solar energy set records, with utility-scale solar adding more than 41 GWdc. 

The signs for solar EPCs look great, but there’s still plenty of room for improvement. Despite excitement for solar, the industry faces permitting and interconnection concerns. 

A Two-Headed Beast 

Permitting and interconnection requests are a 1-2 gut punch for many solar developers and EPCs. 

Developers often find themselves buried in red tape during the permitting process. From building, zoning, and electrical permits to land disturbance studies, compatibility reports, and financial data, it’s a seemingly unending process. It isn’t specific to local government, either; federal and state approvals also matter. 

The other problem is interconnection. Interconnection is the process of attaching solar sites to the larger electrical grid. It includes several studies assessing how solar sites could impact grid operations. Depending on the results, developers may have to alter projects or wait for additional studies. 

Worst of all, developers may have to pay for the interconnection after waiting up to five years for results. Not only is the process expensive, but some utilities may be unwilling to help solar sites connect to the grid.  This leads to even more developer costs and delays. 

Could Help Be Coming? 

We’re still far from a perfect system, but the government wants to make solar development easier. 

The Inflation Reduction Act became law in August 2022, creating more streamlining opportunities and funding. At the same time, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is pushing to simplify interconnection and permitting. 

This is crucial for the solar industry and the country’s growing electricity demand. Data centers, EVs, and hotter temperatures have pushed electricity use to new heights. Renewables like solar and wind could potentially hold the keys to energy development, but we must collaborate. 

What’s the Current Solar Landscape? 

It shouldn’t be surprising to hear solar capacity waiting in the queue is skyrocketing. 

In December 2023, about 2,600 GW of generation and storage capacity were waiting for grid connection. Of this total, 95% were solar, wind, or battery sites. In fact, solar and battery projects made up 80% of all additions in the queue. 

At the same time, interconnection request times are exploding. In 2008, the average wait was less than two years. For projects built between 2018 and 2023, wait times were about four years. By the end of 2023, projects could languish for as long as five years. 

So, what gives? 

Clunky and Costly 

Electricity use is rapidly rising. But what’s making it difficult for solar operators and utilities to increase grid capacity? 

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) believes it can pinpoint our nation’s electricity generation problem to a few key issues. 

For example, FERC has highlighted the number of interconnection requests these days. In April 2024, Berkeley Lab said around 11,600 projects were waiting to connect, totaling 2,600 GW. As more projects join the queue, delays will keep growing. 

The agency highlighted other issues, including transmission capacity, delayed expansion and upgrade investments, and high interconnection costs. Unfortunately, this results in long delays in the interconnection queue and a higher risk of project withdrawals. 

Permitting Problems 

It’s difficult to break ground when the permitting process is a gauntlet. 

States, counties, and municipalities have different approaches to solar energy. While some embrace it, others adopt a “not in my backyard” stance. Though several counties have gone so far as to ban utility-scale solar, no state has banned large-scale solar projects. 

Although federal regulations govern some aspects of solar development, individual states are different. Several, including Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, have adopted and implemented federal rules. Other states like California and Nevada use federal regulations and supplement them with state-level ones. 

With so many moving parts, solar developers can struggle to keep track of things. Luckily, government organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have compiled databases, guides, and procedures at the state and federal levels. 

Addressing Problems 

Thanks to inconsistent guidelines and processes, there’s plenty of work to sort everything out. 

A single entity, government, or industry organization can’t solve our problems. The cure requires a top-down approach with input from everyone, but someone has to take the lead. 

Interconnection 

SEIA is collaborating with FERC and the Department of Energy to create reforms to improve interconnections. As a result, FERC is pushing interconnection rules to reduce red tape and integrate renewable energy faster. 

The moves coincide with several Independent System Operators struggling to add capacity, including CAISO, NYISO, and MISO. These issues lead to long delays and other problems. As more interconnection applications flood in, ISOs must make the pieces fit without overloading aging infrastructure. 

Updated Rules 

FERC’s rule changes include critical updates to Order 2023 that improve how interconnection requests are handled. 

Under previous rules, the system handled interconnection requests using a “first in, first out” model. While the system works when the queue is short, problems quickly develop as requests pile up. Additionally, under the “first in, first out” system, projects didn’t need viable projects to apply. 

The result was a slow, clunky system. 

Order 2023-A clears up some confusion and allows for faster studies. Under 2023-A, the system installs a “first ready, first served” format. This requires developers to have funding, property, and other assets ready before applying. 

Once the request is in, another Order 2023-A update kicks in. Previously, studies took place one at a time. Order 2023-A introduced study batching, allowing grid operators to perform several studies simultaneously. The move saves time, money, and labor costs by letting grid operators make several decisions (and upgrades) together. 

Tightening Up 

Improving the review process saves time, but what happens if someone drops the ball? 

Under Order 2023-A, developers must be more prepared with financing in place alongside additional site information. By forcing developers to do more leg work before submitting, operators see fewer speculative projects. 

But the onus isn’t entirely on developers to keep the interconnection queue short. Transmission providers must be more prepared to address studies. If operators delay reviews or miss a deadline, they can face penalties. 

Solar Permitting 

Improving the interconnection process is only half of the solution. To get to the heart of the matter, officials must tackle permitting, too. 

One way of making permitting more efficient is to make it more welcoming – starting with the cost. One such program is SolSmart, funded by the DoE’s Solar Energy Technologies Office.  

SolSmart is a nationwide initiative to improve solar development by assisting municipalities, counties, and other organizations. 

By helping local authorities better understand and adopt national practices, SolSmart reduces soft costs like permitting, zoning, and more.  

Its success has led to further investment, including an extension allowing the program to operate through 2027. 

Kicking Up the IRA and BIL 

Two Biden-era laws are rounding into form, with provisions to make solar development more efficient. 

The Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law have funding attached to them specifically for improving and modernizing the grid. The funding also improves the permitting process for federal lands to encourage solar development there. 

Additionally, BIL and IRA funding includes several incentives to promote viable solar projects and expedite queues. 

Other Potential Reforms 

It didn’t make it out of the Senate, but the Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024 had several provisions for solar development and permitting. 

The bill proposed accelerated leasing and permitting on federal lands and establishing clear deadlines for renewable projects like PV systems. It also simplified renewable energy environmental reviews, which can take months to years to complete. 

Most importantly, the bill would have codified a 50 GW renewable energy generation goal for federal lands by 2030. 

Making the Most of the Situation 

Permitting and interconnection processes are difficult and possibly broken. But it doesn’t mean solar developers should sit idly and wait for conditions to improve. 

Develop Partnerships 

The easiest way to navigate solar development red tape is by building good relationships with government sources. Local, state, and federal departments have similar goals but solve problems differently. 

Developers should work closely with each layer of government to get approval for each step. These sources also come in handy if rules change. Additionally, resources like the RAPID database help with best practices, permitting documents, and other information. 

Stay Prepared 

Preparation is paramount, especially as FERC prioritizes viable, well-planned projects. Filings should contain as much information as possible, including assessments, environmental surveys, funding sources, and land data. 

But solar contractors and developers don’t embark on utility-scale projects alone. They build teams with strong strategic partners, including municipalities, interconnecting utilities, and state officials. When speed bumps approach, these partners can help with documentation and other preparation. 

Know Your Permits 

Permit requirements and combinations differ across municipalities, counties, and states. For example, agencies like the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have processes specifically related to building on federal land. The RAPID database is, once again, an excellent resource for the latest permitting and bulk transmission regulations. 

During difficult preparations, solar companies should hire an experienced consultant. Find a professional in the state where the project will take place and rely on them to help guide the permitting process. Hiring a knowledgeable organization may be expensive but could reduce delays.  

Be Ready for Anything 

The truth is nothing in the solar industry stays the same for long. 

Governments are moving quickly to improve regulations and permitting, with FERC and other groups fixing interconnection methods. But with so much happening around us, keeping up with rapidly changing rules is essential. 

Be prepared, but ready to adapt when necessary. Preparing for every outcome isn’t possible, but adjusting quickly helps developers roll with the punches, limiting costly delays.

Going Domestic: Why Builders Want American-Made PV Wire

Posted on by bop-admin

If you’ve been paying attention, you’ve likely seen one news story after another hyping up the U.S. solar industry. 

We’ve seen years of growth as clean energies like wind and solar take over new generating capacity. In 2024, for example, solar comprised two-thirds (66%) of U.S. electricity-generating capacity additions. Overall, the solar industry installed about 50 GWdc of capacity last year, hitting a new one-year record. 

Tailwinds and Headaches 

So, what’s driving companies, utilities, and communities to dive into solar energy? As it turns out, several factors combined to get us here. 

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has had a couple of years to come into form. Incentives made through the program extended and broadened solar tax credits, making large-scale solar projects a better investment. 

The IRA also created measures to develop sustainable domestic supply chains for solar panels, racking, and wire. Previously, solar companies imported foreign solar components, dealing with everything from long delays to questionable quality. The costs were lower, but the industry struggled. 

Today, domestic manufacturing is taking a monumental step forward. Recently, the SEIA announced the U.S. had reached a critical manufacturing milestone. Domestic solar module production capacity hit 50 GW, large enough to meet current U.S. demand. Backed by Section 45X and Section 48C tax credits, incentives bolster an already booming industry. 

Despite some potential governmental headwinds, industry experts are bullish on solar energy’s future. 

Does Buying Domestic Matter? 

The U.S. is encouraging developers to use American-made goods, including PV wire. But does domestically produced wire warrant the higher cost? 

In many cases, the short answer to that question is yes. Although all PV wires may look similar, subtle details impact quality, lifespan, and performance. We must also consider project scopes, including timelines, budgets, locations, and job requirements. 

Depending on the situation, American-made PV wire could be a cost-saver. 

Quality and Build 

Solar wire made in the United States meets or exceeds Underwriter Laboratories, National Electrical Code (NEC), and ASTM standards, including: 

UL 4703 – This UL standard is specific to PV wire. UL 4703 tests a wire’s ability to handle sunlight exposure, high temperatures, weather, and other threats. 

UL 1581 – Also known as the VW-1 test, UL 1581 is a vertical flammability test. Essentially, UL 1581 determines how much a flame propagates (spreads) along a wire section. 

ASTM B-1, B-3, B-8, and B-33 – These wire configuration standards correspond to specific wire types. In order, they are hard-drawn copper (B-1), soft-drawn copper (B-3), concentric lay twisted strands (B-8), and tinned copper (B-33). 

American-made PV wire undergoes heavy scrutiny, resulting in high transparency. Additionally, strict standards add a layer of safety to every product, ensuring the wire does what it should. This may not be the case with products shipped from overseas, as other countries’ standards may be less stringent. 

NEC Section 691 – This portion of the NEC corresponds to several aspects of utility-scale solar sites with generating capacity over 5 MW. It covers factors like operating voltages, disconnects, fire mitigation, engineering, and other critical safety measures. 

Supply Chains and Lead Times 

Timelines matter – whether it’s a utility-scale solar array or a small community solar project. 

One massive advantage American-made products have is their shorter supply chains. Because the manufacturing and shipping are both within the U.S., production lead times tend to be much shorter. Shipping times are also shorter because products don’t have to travel by boat to the United States. 

On top of the shorter shipping and lead times, buying from domestic manufacturers helps developers avoid tariffs and duties. Importers often pay tariffs on materials from other countries, adding costs to the products they buy. Duties, on the other hand, are taxes paid on imported goods. 

Domestic production is also handy if problems arise. When customers find defects in their solar wire, they can return it to the manufacturer easily. Because the route is much shorter, the amount of time it takes to switch the wire is faster. Cutting a weeks-long wait down to only a few days is crucial when developers are racing to meet looming deadlines. 

Weighing Costs with Lead Times 

If deadlines aren’t an issue and the company has time to wait, sometimes shipping products from overseas could be an option. 

Buyers take on risks with the purchase, including the threat of geopolitical issues coming into play and tariffs. However, despite longer customer lead times and riskier supply chains, developers could save money on large-scale projects by using imported wire. 

Budgetary Constraints 

Developers endlessly search for ways to deliver the best results with the most savings possible. 

To that end, U.S. materials offer solid production, quality, and price. American-made materials follow a strict production process to ensure higher durability, longer lifespans, and better manufacturing traceability. The result is a product that often lives up to the price point. 

But every dollar counts, especially when you’re dealing with solar systems with hundreds of aisles of panels. Wire is a pretty small piece of the overall budgetary pie, but as projects grow larger, so does the cost of wire. 

Project Requirements 

Sometimes, it isn’t about price, performance, or any other factor – the project just requires domestic PV wire. 

Over the years, solar projects have become more specific, especially as the federal government attempts to bolster domestic manufacturing. As a result, more solar projects are pushing to meet domestic content requirements like BABA. The products called for are then “spec’d in,” requiring developers to source those materials for the project. 

BABA, or the “Build America, Buy America” program, ties funding and tax credits to solar projects. For example, ITCs and PTCs contain language about using American-made materials in the site’s development. We wrote a blog about these rules, which you can find here. 

State and local domestic product incentives could also be in play, depending on the project’s location. 

The Case for Imported Wire 

So, with so much focus on domestic production, is there a place for imported PV wire? 

Imported wire can do the job, but it’s important to ALWAYS work with a trusted, vetted international partner. Different countries have different standards, so it’s on the developer to verify who they buy from is reputable. 

Price – Larger projects call for more wire – often to the tune of hundreds of thousands of feet. Imported wire is generally more cost-effective, reducing overall project costs. 

Access to In-Stock or Unique Products – On occasion, solar projects may call for uncommon wire, which could lead to longer lead times. Overseas vendors may have specialized products in stock, keeping projects moving on time. 

Once again, DO YOUR RESEARCH before purchasing thousands of feet of wire from an international vendor. A trusted partner can meet safety standards and be transparent about their processes, ensuring high quality. 

Small Line Item, Huge Impact 

Wire is a crucial component of any utility- or community-scale solar installation. Without it, electricity doesn’t move from the panels to the electrical grid. 

Buying American isn’t solely about supporting the Red, White, and Blue. Builders get faster shipping, fewer added shipping costs, top-quality products, and peace of mind. 

Some overseas products may have similar quality, but EPCs must do their due diligence. This means building trust and verifying those manufacturers produce high-quality products. 

At the end of the day, not all wire is the same. No matter where the wire comes from, only work with trustworthy manufacturers that meet the highest standards. The result will be better installations, safer projects, and long-lasting performance for decades. 

What is a Virtual Power Plant?

Posted on by bop-admin

One of the worst feelings is the dread one feels when the power goes out. 

Homes and businesses typically rely on electricity from local power generation plants. For the most part, consumers can reliably power our daily routines and keep life moving smoothly. But it also comes with a massive disadvantage. 

When the power goes out, electricity doesn’t go to end users, leaving them in the dark. While crews work feverishly to restore power, home and business owners worry about spoiled food, lost revenue, and boredom. 

However, emerging technology supported by electrification is changing how power disruptions impact our lives. These virtual power plants (VPPs) can keep the lights on using power created by our neighbors. 

Though they sound complicated, VPPs are the next step toward developing a more dynamic electrical grid. 

What is a VPP? 

By definition, a virtual power plant is a network of decentralized production and storage units combining to send power to the grid. 

But what does that mean in human terms? 

“Decentralized production and storage units” are basically all the pieces making up the VPP. These distributed energy sources (DERs) include everything from solar panels and batteries to electric vehicles (EVs) and smart products. If it can create, store, or control electricity, it can be part of a VPP. They also don’t need to originate from a singular location – VPPs can cover small or large areas. 

The best part is anyone can join a virtual power plant. Potential VPPs can include residential, commercial, industrial, or community-scale systems, though rooftop solar is the most common DER. 

VPP technology has existed for several decades but has taken off dramatically in the last ten years. The Department of Energy estimates that 30-60 GW of VPP grid capacity exists today. 

How Does a VPP Work? 

Let’s pretend a neighborhood has several rooftop solar systems, EVs, and smart homes. If these systems are part of a virtual power plant, utilities can draw from them during an emergency to power other homes and businesses. 

And just like that, a storm rolls through, knocking out a critical power line supplying electricity to several neighborhoods. When power outages or peak demand occurs, the utility activates the VPP. The utility can then remotely “talk” to connected DERs to turn thermostats down, reduce electricity use, and discharge EVs. 

Power flows from connected devices to the grid, sending electricity to other impacted neighborhoods. At the same time, energy loads drop, ensuring enough power is available. 

NOTE: This ONLY happens if the customer has opted in – VPPs require remote control from outside operators, like utilities. 

It might not seem like much, but localizing the grid to specific areas makes it more stable. Utilities can worry less about burning more fuel to send electricity across transmission and distribution lines and focus more on repairs. For end users, VPPs keep the lights on during peak times and emergencies using power supplied by others. 

VPPs Are NOT Smart Grids 

If you know the phrase, “A square is a rectangle, but a rectangle is not a square,” the VPP/smart grid relationship makes sense. 

Think of it like individual states in the nation. For example, Vermont is only one part of the larger United States. 

A VPP is a type of smart grid, but it’s only one piece of the larger smart grid infrastructure. Unlike a virtual power plant, smart grids cover the entire electrical grid, utilizing new technology to improve reliability and resiliency. 

Smart grids create large-scale two-way networks between operators or utilities and end users. Utilities can optimize electricity output and flow through the network, better incorporate renewable energy, and perform real-time monitoring. 

The result is a more dynamic electrical grid that reduces power loss, improves reliability, and saves money. 

Why They’re Gaining Steam 

Storms are getting worse, making power outages more severe. 

In 2023 alone, the U.S. experienced 28 “Billion Dollar” weather events, totaling an eye-popping $95 billion in damages. Weather is also the cause of more than 75% of power outages in the U.S., making it the grid’s number one threat. 

At the same time, the push for groundbreaking technology has never been stronger. More things rely on electricity than ever, requiring vast amounts of electricity. But with smarter electronics and power generation systems, we also have more opportunities to share power. 

Reducing Risk, One Neighborhood at a Time 

Our nation’s electrical grid is showing its age, as many pieces of infrastructure are well over 25 years old. 

Because of its age, the grid is more susceptible to damage caused by storms, physical threats, and cyberattacks. Unfortunately, when systems go down, people and communities are at risk. 

Communities once relied on central power plants to deliver electricity to neighborhoods, businesses, and other locations. But during outages, those people sat in the dark until power was restored. 

Under a VPP, during an outage or demand spike, the utility can remotely call on DERs to discharge power to the grid. Those opting into the program become power plants, drawing on stored energy to electrify those around them. 

Long-Term Savings 

Beyond grid security, VPPs reduce the number and size of electrical transmission and distribution peaks. 

What does that mean for the average person? When peaks occur, it stresses the grid since it has to support more electricity. The strain could lead to problems ranging from blown transformers and substation faults to overheated wires. Fewer peaks mean less threat of overloading the system. 

Peaks occur when there’s more demand than usual. To support the higher demand, peaking power plants generate electricity to meet the need. The problem is these power plants are expensive to run. Someone has to pay those costs, and it’s most likely the end user. 

VPPs take the pressure off power plants to meet peak demand by discharging electricity from DERs. As a result, the utility spends less money on fuel sources and limits energy loss along power lines. Meanwhile, customers receive steady power while VPP participants earn cash or credits for their electricity. 

Best yet, expanding VPP services goes beyond short-term savings. According to the Department of Energy, if the U.S. deploys 80-160 GW of VPPs by 2030, it could save $10 billion in grid costs. 

Taking Advantage of Incentives 

Like other renewable energy initiatives, there are programs and incentives available for VPPs. 

Depending on location, rebates and programs make commercial, industrial, and community-scale solar possible. For example, Maryland’s Distributed Renewable Integration and Vehicle Electrification (DRIVE) Act requires investor-owned utilities to develop programs rewarding DERs and establish incentives.  

Utilities and community solar energy operators also have programs to finance and promote VPPs. The Department of Energy has funded various clean energy installations through Title 17, which provides loans for innovative projects. 

In other cases, state and local incentives for solar and other renewable projects could be available. And don’t forget to research what incentives stack, as organizations and programs cover different initiatives. 

VPPs for Consumers 

Consumers participating in virtual power plants and installing DERs add clean energy to the grid. As more clean energy systems come online, we rely less on large-scale power plants and fossil fuels. Over time, this may reduce electricity costs. 

Additionally, VPPs ensure homes and businesses have power during an outage, reducing other losses. From allowing small businesses to stay open to preventing food spoilage, small power providers keep everything running smoothly. 

As for the bottom line, consumers sending power to the larger grid earn money or credits on their energy bills. Those credits can offset upfront costs related to installing a solar system or battery or buying an EV. 

Downsides and Cautions 

For everything virtual power plants do well, there are some drawbacks to how the system operates. 

Despite owning the power they produce, consumers don’t always have control. When signing up for a VPP, consumers give operators the right to draw energy from DERs when necessary. If that happens, EVs, batteries, solar panels, and smart products connected to the network begin discharging and conserving power. 

Operators have also launched programs to pre-enroll consumers, though they can opt out later. Though it’s easy for utilities to enlist homes, businesses, and others into the program, consumers should be well informed. Participants must understand the program’s details, what to expect, and how utilities will compensate them. 

Not Enough Participants 

Experts believe virtual power plants could help address future energy demands, especially as older plants retire. 

Coal use has declined for years, with 4 GW of coal-fire capacity retiring in 2024. Before last year, retirements averaged about 9.8 GW each year for the previous decade. Worse yet, as retirement and deployment schedules fluctuate, we’re looking at a 200 GW gap in peak demand needs. 

VPPs could fill the potential gap, but the country must act fast. We need about 80-160 GW of capacity by 2030 to meet rising U.S. demand. The current total is only about 30 GW, far from the low-end goal. 

Not a Replacement for Grid Upgrades 

Electricity demand is rising rapidly, thanks to more electronics, a growing number of data centers, and a manufacturing renaissance. 

The result is a fevered effort to find new ways to generate power for the grid. Unfortunately, the current grid isn’t entirely ready for a wave of innovation. Instead, the design supports older power production methods powered by fossil fuels. 

The grid currently can’t reach its full potential because it desperately needs upgrades. Solar projects across the U.S. face massive delays because of red tape and interconnection problems. Other infrastructure has reached its usable lifespan, so we should replace and upgrade it. 

Everyone Plays a Part in Clean Energy 

Utilities, solar companies, businesses, government, and consumers all stand to benefit from VPPs. 

With planning and strong execution, we can cut costs throughout the supply chain. On top of the financial costs, VPPs help improve grid resiliency, leading to fewer power outages. Adding diverse electricity options also gives utilities more access to clean energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. 

The future is leaning toward cleaner power, but we still have lots to do. It means finding answers for rising demand, aging infrastructure, interconnections, and industry support. But as we check each box, powering our future becomes more possible.

Solar Project Anatomy: Exploring Remote Monitoring Systems 

Posted on by bop-admin

When you ask the average person about solar, their answer generally extends to what they see – endless rows of solar panels, racking systems, and thick bunches of PV wire.  

But beyond the main parts and pieces, vital accessory systems keep utility-scale solar operations running smoothly. From tracking weather and fighting fires to system monitoring and electrical grounding, these systems are the eyes and ears of every site.  

Though every solar project is unique, most large-scale sites share several monitoring systems. When they combine, the data they collect gives operators unparalleled insights into every aspect of their site.  

Remote Monitoring Systems  

Like the home security system protecting your house, cloud-based remote monitoring systems (RMSs) protect solar sites from potential damage.  

These systems monitor performance metrics and track voltage, output, and system status. Sensors collect data in real time and then send it via an internet connection to the cloud. Operators can access the data anytime to get vital information, see status changes, and make system changes remotely.  

Remote monitoring systems make operators more proactive, keeping power flowing with less boots-on-the-ground troubleshooting.  

Eyes in the Sky  

When used correctly, RMS identifies system failures before they cause damage or lost production.  

Sensors collect data 24/7, using the information to create baselines and trends. If something occurs at the solar site – for example, damaged panels or inverters, the system pings the operator. From there, the utility or owner can take action.  

But not every issue is a full-blown disaster. Remote monitoring’s ability to spot trends makes it easier to find improvement opportunities. If performance drops at certain times, for example, operators can send a crew out to look for shaded panels. A consistent performance decrease over time could signal soiled panels, meaning a cleaning might be due.  

Having access to detailed reports is a game-changer for operators. Remote monitoring works alongside other systems, including weather stations, to produce comprehensive reports using historical data. With it, operators can constantly make tweaks to improve performance. 

Remote Monitoring Limitations  

Unfortunately, remote monitoring systems aren’t perfect.  

Rural solar installations may not have reliable internet access, making it harder to send data to the cloud. With that said, operators have several options, including 4G/5G wireless connections, satellite internet, or point-to-point wireless networks.  

Additionally, like any internet-connected device, there’s always the risk of a cyberattack. If that happens, bad actors could access sensitive data and systems. For operators, cyberattacks may result in power disruptions and shutdowns or data loss and theft.  

Finally, monitoring systems can be expensive. Operators may need outside experts to set the system up correctly and ensure it’s collecting accurate data. With that said, hiring the right team is critical to getting everything you need out of the RMS.  

Solar Weather Monitor - Sun-Pull Wire

Weather (Meteorological) Stations  

Like remote monitoring systems, weather stations collect vast amounts of data. The difference is that the data they collect is environmental, not performance.  

Weather monitoring stations collect everything from solar radiation and temperature measurements to rain and snowfall totals, wind speed, and humidity data. Once combined, the data paints a picture of the overall conditions to help operators understand performance data.  

Together, RMS and weather data can answer questions tied to overall performance. For example, the two systems can explain what happens during weather events, giving operators the tools to develop maintenance, cleaning, or repair plans.  

Neither Snow, Nor Rain, Nor Heat…  

Although weather is unpredictable, it can be used to spot seasonal trends over time. 

As the WMS collects data, operators see more clearly what to expect during different parts of the year. It might not seem like much, but in areas with four distinct seasons, weather trend data is invaluable. With it, crews can plan for cleanings, maintenance, and other work when openings allow. 

For the average operator, accurate data does more than make scheduling easier. Over time, forecasting accuracy increases, backed by years of tracking data. Based on expected weather trends, operators can change panels’ tilt and facing to meet conditions and increase production.   

Trend data also helps operators determine the amount of risk weather events may cause to the system. Historical data can determine what past events did to the system, giving workers valuable clues about what to expect. 

More information leads to better risk management and fewer setbacks. 

Weather Monitoring Limitations  

Although WMS data is comprehensive, it’s also highly technical.  

Operators need specialists to set up and calibrate each monitoring station. Unfortunately, large solar farms can cover many acres, and conditions change from one spot to another. Depending on the size of the site, operators could need multiple stations to get full coverage and accurate data.   

Despite the cost, meteorological stations drastically improve the quality and quantity of data collected, especially when combined with remote monitoring systems.  

Fire Suppression Systems  

A fire is one of the worst things that can occur at a solar site.  

PV systems produce a lot of electricity, and fires can start if there is an arc, fault, or wire damage. Unfortunately, many utility-scale systems sit in remote areas, making it hard for crews and firefighters to respond quickly.  

When fires occur, expensive repairs are needed, potentially costing millions of dollars to get back up and running. 

Solar Farm Fire Risk Factors  

You’d be surprised how little it takes for a fire to erupt at a solar power site.  

Common causes include:  

Electrical issues: Small nicks in the wiring can create arcs and faults, leading to fires. Other components also pose fire threats, including overheating panels, inverter issues, and even short-circuiting battery storage.  

Lightning: Solar sites occupy a lot of land, making them targets for lightning strikes. When lightning hits the installation directly, it can damage panels, wiring, inverters, and other components. Indirect strikes are just as bad, leading to power surges and ground currents that could increase fire risk.  

Objects and plants: This is a two-fold problem. Plants and objects touching panels or electrical components risk getting shocked, electrocuted, or starting a fire.  

Meanwhile, plants or trees that cover parts of the solar panel with shade create hot spots. Over time, hot spots can lead to overheating and reduced power generation.  

Accidental damage: We all make mistakes, but sometimes mistakes lead to massive problems down the line. Nicks in the PV wire, damage to the panels, or even a faulty connector can start a fire.  

Fighting Fires from Afar  

Site operators have several options for remote fire suppression, ranging from water and misting to foams and carbon dioxide.  

Fire suppression systems monitor the site for issues and act to extinguish fires before they can spread. If a fire breaks out, these systems are the first line of defense, protecting valuable components until responders arrive.  

Of course, as good as a fire suppression system is, it doesn’t replace vigilance and planning. Operators need a fire prevention and protection plan to keep crews, local responders, utilities, and others informed.  

Grounding Systems  

When power surges or faults occur at a solar site, they threaten the entire system.  

Utilities rely on grounding systems to create a low-impendence route for electricity and prevent temporary overvoltage (TOV). When TOVs happen, the voltage rises above its usual levels for a sustained period. Unlike lightning strikes, which may spike voltages for a short time, TOVs could highlight fault conditions or other problems.  

Grounding systems are critical to any solar installation. Without them, solar sites could see component failures, fires, and total system failures. Grounding reduces the potential difference between the earth and energized surfaces is almost zero. 

Keeping Up with Codes  

From a safety standpoint, installing a grounding system makes sense. But if that isn’t enough evidence, effective grounding is required by many code departments.  

For prospective solar operators, that means working closely with local code departments to follow NEC standards. They might seem like additional hoops to jump through, but they ensure every project is as safe as possible.  

In other cases, many insurers require proper grounding for all systems before issuing an insurance policy.  

Systems for a Better Solar Energy Industry  

Solar sites across the United States rely on an intricate web of monitors to protect and optimize their sites.  

Let’s face it – clean energy projects are huge investments. If there’s a way for operators to protect them with cost-effective solutions, they will.   

Combining performance data, weather information and trends, and fire detection monitoring helps operators maximize their investments. As more features tie into the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT), operators will continue making better decisions faster. Additionally, their teams are more effective because they aren’t relying on hunches and incomplete data. 

Solar energy is taking off in the United States – it’s only fair to assume site technology will grow alongside it. Most importantly, better technology leads to improved power output, more reliable systems, and happier end users.

PV Wire Management Systems Explained

Posted on by bop-admin

When you’ve got thousands of feet of PV wire strung up for seemingly endless acres, keeping them organized and protected is crucial. 

The best wire management plan relies on understanding the terrain, project size, complexity, layout, and other factors. Depending on the project, solar EPCs have several wire management options, from open-air clips and ties to comprehensive conduits and trays. Regardless of the style, these systems organize and protect cables for the life of the solar system. 

The result? Cleaner, manageable layouts, more efficient repairs and replacements, and safer sites over the long term. 

S Clips 

S clips are a low-cost and effective solution to keep wires and cables in place. 

The clips are usually made from stainless steel, which is strong and resists corrosion, making them great for outdoor use. Other options include aluminum alloys or even UV-resistant plastics. 

Crews like S clips because they’re easy to install without tools, attaching to the back of the solar panel or onto the racking. They’re also reusable, allowing workers to remove and reattach clips during maintenance, repairs, or replacements. 

Multi-Faceted Fasteners 

The allure of S clips lies in their simplicity. 

They’re small enough to hide under panels and along racking and perform well across many environments and temperatures. Certain constructions also work in harsh areas, including in or near salt water. 

Unlike more expensive wire management systems, S clips don’t require other tools to install. This makes them easy for even inexperienced workers to use. Removal is almost as easy, requiring only a screwdriver to pop the clip off the panel or racking. 

Though the clips only hold a few wires in place, they do an excellent job of preventing sagging along the cable line. However, crews must be careful to avoid accidental nicks or scrapes caused by the clips. Normally, they’re coined or smoothed to prevent damage but could cause problems over time or during severe weather. 

Hanger Systems 

Like S clips, wire hanger systems hold wires in place, but do it on a larger scale. 

Made from galvanized steel and coated with PVC, hangers are extremely durable and weather-resistant. The PVC protects the underlying steel core against exposure and ensures wires stay damage-free. 

Unlike S clips, which can hold two or three wires, hangers can hold many safely – including large-gauge cables. They’re cost-effective, reusable, easy to install without tools, and can bend to fit nearly any configuration. Hangers also perform well across many environments, including challenging terrain. 

To install hangers, workers first need to install a messenger wire. Though it doesn’t carry current, the steel cable shoulders the weight of all the cables to reduce sagging. It also provides a steady, safe spot to mount hangers that isn’t part of the racking or the panel itself. Once the messenger wire is in place, workers bend the hanger into the shape they need and hang it. 

Cable Ties and Locks 

Most people are familiar with plastic or nylon zip ties used for DIY projects, but solar cable ties are much stronger. 

Made from high-quality, durable, and UV-resistant plastic, these one-time-use ties secure cables directly to the solar racking. They’re chemical, water, and sunlight resistant, and more rugged ties could work in colder temperatures. 

Keep in mind that not all cable ties are equal. Low-quality ties, like the nylon ones hiding in your junk drawer, will eventually become brittle, causing them to break. This is especially true in areas where snow and cold weather are a threat and regions with high UV exposure. 

Unlike S clips and hangers, cable ties are a one-and-done product. Crews must replace them every time they complete work. 

Cable Locks 

Cable locks use a tool-free locking mechanism to hold ties in place, with additional room for slack. 

Depending on the company and the style, cable locks can look or act differently, but the overall logic is the same. Most are easy to install and reusable, utilizing locks and tie lines to hold cables in place and prevent accidental removal. 

Despite the similar design to cable ties, cable locks will last for the life of the panels, generally 20 to 25 years. 

Cable and Wire Trays 

Sometimes, open-air solutions aren’t the best way to protect solar wires.  

In those situations, especially in harsh environments and areas where digging isn’t possible, wire and cable trays make all the difference. 

Unlike conduit, which requires digging and burying wires, cable trays are aboveground installations. Workers connect the tray pieces, lay the wire in, and move along. The cables are safe from physical damage, including scrapes, abrasions, crushing, and even pests like rodents. Beyond physical damage, trays protect cables from wind, snow, sun, and other weather-related issues. 

Solar developers can choose either metal or plastic trays, depending on how much flexibility and strength they need. But no matter what material installers select, the cables inside are safe and organized. Best yet, if wires need replacement, workers can quickly access the tray. 

Conduit 

For the ultimate utility-scale solar cable protection, conduit is king. 

To install conduit, workers dig trenches in the ground and lay metal or PVC tubing. Next, workers fish the PV wire through the conduit from the solar panel to the combiner box. The resulting installation offers stellar protection from crushing, abrasion, UV, temperature changes, chemicals, and pests for the wire’s usable lifespan. 

Conduit keeps wire safe and sound but is more expensive than other wire management methods and is slower than open-air methods. Conduit also doesn’t work for certain solar sites, including those with rough terrain or brownfield sites. 

Wire Management Boxes 

Protecting wire is vital, but connection points are equally important. 

Combiner boxes are a staple at commercial, industrial, and utility-scale solar installations. Depending on the layout, they can hold dozens of wires in place, alongside fuse assemblies, buses, and even system monitoring equipment. 

When installing wire management boxes, placement is important. Every installation is different, and boxes must be ready to address unique challenges. From paint color and box size to breather vent placement and mounting position, every decision impacts performance and lifespan. 

Many Options, One Mission 

No matter what solutions installers choose, the goal is always to prevent wire damage. 

Wire management systems do a lot to prevent damage, but they aren’t perfect. Accidents happen, nicks occur, and wires pinch, leading to potentially dangerous situations like arcs, faults, and other issues. 

Damaged wires don’t always immediately cause problems – nicks in a conductor’s insulation take time to develop. Leaks, corrosion, pinches, abrasions… they can all eventually create delays, lost profits, and put people at risk. 

Crews should trust monitoring systems to track trends and spot abnormalities but should perform scheduled inspections, too. Beyond looking for obvious damage, workers should be on the lookout for other issues, including: 

  • Sharp edges on clips, ties, locks, and other materials 
  • Signs of aging on wire management systems, including peeling coatings, insulation pulling away, chipping, or nicks 
  • Damage to PV wire conductors, such as pinching, abrasions, nicks, and other wear 

Most importantly, work with local code departments and follow NEC guidelines. Keeping an eye on the regulations will ensure that teams safely manage solar power wires and cables.

Dirty Jobs: Do Dust and Grime Lower Solar Panel Performance?

Posted on by bop-admin

How often do you look around your house and realize everything is a dusty mess. 

You clean, wipe, and feather dust everything, but keeping everything tidy is a never-ending battle. 

Well, take solace that you’re not alone. Solar farms around the world deal with the same problem with varying results. 

Efficiency Killers 

The average solar panel has an efficiency rate above 20%, though some prototypes can perform better. 

But no matter how efficient your panels are, dirt, grime, and other schmutz are a constant threat. It might not seem like it at first glance, but solar panels are constantly picking up debris called soiling. If not taken care of, those particles can cause headaches for utilities, communities, and companies. 

Luckily, soiling doesn’t have to be an energy-generation killer. With some planning, proactive work, and emerging panel cleaning technology, it’s possible to easily maintain efficiency. 

What Causes Dirty Solar Panels? 

As with anything left outside, dust, dirt, pollen, and debris collect on panels over time. 

When dirt, dust, and other particles fall onto solar panels, they obscure the cells, leading to lower efficiency. Unfortunately, this is a common problem for many solar installations, especially those in sunny, desert areas. 

Dirty panels may not seem concerning, but even a little dust and debris can hurt production. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, soiling accounts for as much as 7% of annual energy lost in the United States. Unfortunately, in even dustier areas like the Middle East, losses can be as much as half. 

Although lost energy is an issue, let’s face it: money can be an even larger motivator. MIT experts suggest even a 1% reduction in power from a 150 MW solar project could cause $200,000 in lost revenue annually. As panels take on more soiling, losses can quickly mount, resulting in lower ROIs. 

Of course, soiling does more than impair solar power generation – it can be a headache. In many cases, a good rainstorm can wash away most dust, dirt, and other messes, but that’s if there’s regular rain. In areas where rain is rare, moisture can combine with dirt and grime to create a much harder-to-remove filth. 

Sometimes, it may make sense for workers to use a water jet to clean solar panels. This process uses pure water to wash away soiling – any impurities can leave water spots and deposits. Another option for solar sites is dry brushing. Brushing is generally less effective than water and may potentially scratch or damage panels. 

Not all Soiling is Dirt 

It might not cause the same issues as a thick layer of dust on a solar panel, but snow poses its own production risks. 

When snow lands on solar panels, it’s harder for sunlight to reach cells, limiting power generation. Beyond reducing power output, heavy snow can damage panels, racking systems, and sensitive tracking components. Workers must then replace expensive equipment, leading to further lost revenue. 

Unlike dirt and grime, snow is easier to deal with on a solar site. Workers can quickly remove snow with a soft bristle or foam brush, leaf blower, de-icing product, or heating system. Panels could also naturally clear themselves as snow and ice slide off the tilted panels. 

Melting snow and ice offers another benefit for solar sites, as the water may remove soiling. 

Powering Down: How Soiling Impacts Production 

When dust, bird droppings, dirt, snow, and other debris block solar panels, it can start a chain reaction impacting short- and long-term activity. 

But what types of problems can we expect, and when can we expect them? The answer isn’t always clear, but it depends on location, water resources, and cost. 

Reduced Power Generation 

We’ve covered this a little bit already, but when dust builds up on solar cells, it prevents them from collecting solar energy. 

Needless to say, a solar panel not collecting solar energy is a problem. Over time, more dust and grime build up on the panels, causing drastic production decreases. Even worse, soiling can cement onto the panels as dirt combines with resting liquids like dew or condensation. 

Soiling does more than impact initial energy output. Less generated power means less revenue, which hurts the bottom line and the project’s lifetime return on investment (ROI). 

Higher Maintenance Costs 

Dirty panels are more than a productivity killer – they can run up maintenance costs, too. 

If rain and melting snow can’t clean the panels naturally, crews might have to drive to the site and clean them. Unfortunately, cleaning solar panels isn’t as easy as hooking up a garden hose and getting to work.

NOTE: Never allow crews to clean panels using a pressure washer. High-pressure water can damage sensitive solar cells and panel seals, even from several feet away.

Utility-scale solar systems can cover hundreds of acres, requiring the services of a professional cleaning company. Depending on how they choose to clean, the company might need to bring in pure water – regular water can leave deposits on the panels. Cleaning crews also need specific cleaning tools to prevent scratches and other damage that could impact energy production. 

Another option could be to invest in a self-cleaning system. Although these systems increase upfront costs, they maximize efficiency over the installation’s lifespan. 

Shorter Panel Lifespans 

How often do we hear about the importance of changing our car’s oil to avoid catastrophic engine issues? 

The same “ounce of prevention” advice our uncles gave us years ago holds the same value when applied to solar systems. When soiling goes untreated, it puts the solar energy system at risk. 

Without regular cleaning, dirt and debris raises the operating temperature of the solar panel system, resulting in damage. If damage occurs, crews may need to repair or replace panels to regain lost efficiency. 

Worse yet, muck and grime could damage other parts and pieces in the solar system, including tracking components. These sensitive components are complex – anything preventing their movement will immediately impact performance and eventually cause them to break. 

Preventing Damage 

Despite the potential problems associated with soiling, keeping up with cleaning is sometimes surprisingly simple. 

Whether allowing nature to lend a hand or investing in top-notch tech, keeping panels clean isn’t always a battle. 

Let the Rain Help 

Sometimes, the easiest way to handle a dirty solar panel is to let nature take its course. 

Rain, wind, and snow do a good job of keeping solar panels clean, especially between scheduled cleanings. Depending on the panel’s angle and the environment, rain and snow might be enough to wash away dust, dirt, and other debris. However, flat panels may have difficulty self-cleaning because they lack tilt. 

In rainy or snowy regions, the weather can be an excellent way to maintain panel efficiency with little effort. During dry spells, dust and grime build up on the panels, but one or two rainstorms can quickly improve efficiency to near its maximum. 

Keep an Eye on Systems 

Problems are much easier to address early on than when left to grow. 

Monitoring systems attached to solar systems can detect power generation decreases using sensors, output metrics, or other tracking. Larger sites mean more sensors, especially on farms where conditions vary from one area to the next. 

Constant monitoring allows crews to investigate problems quickly and determine if they need to take action. 

Maintain a Regular Schedule 

Proper maintenance helps get the most out of every component throughout its lifespan. 

Just like changing a car’s oil regularly, set up a cleaning schedule for the solar site and follow it. Crews can clean panels in several ways but most commonly use water or soft brushes. 

Using pure water is the safest method for cleaning solar panels, but costly if it needs to be delivered by truck. Soft brushes or blower systems are a cheaper option but tend to be less effective. They also may risk scratching or damaging the thin film solar panels if done improperly. 

Beyond simple cleaning methods available today are developing technologies capable of cleaning solar panel surfaces without touching them. One solution uses electrostatic repulsion to magnetically remove dust from the panel’s surface, safely cleaning it without water. 

Join the Robot Revolution 

As our lives become more autonomous, robots and algorithms have taken on more of our daily work. 

Autonomous cleaning systems mounted onto the solar system can wipe dust from panels without humans. The process is successful in the Middle East, where sand and dust constantly threaten energy production. 

Solar companies have no shortage of automated cleaning systems, with dozens on the market today. Many operate on solar power, cleaning rows of panels without water. 

Keeping Up with a Constant Problem 

We can’t realistically protect solar panels from every bit of dust and debris. Luckily, we have plenty of tools to help us mitigate damage. 

It starts with finding optimal locations away from construction, agriculture, and trees. Later, it means investing in regular cleaning, using either water, brushing, or an automated system. Monitoring systems also play a role in reducing the threat of poor performance and lost productivity. 

The solar industry is booming, not only in the U.S. but around the world. As technology improves, other innovative solutions will soon come to market, keeping our panels clean and our future bright.

What Is Fixed Tilt, Single, or Double Axis Racking?

Posted on by bop-admin

Solar panel racking is a mundane yet vital part of any utility-scale solar installation. 

Harnessing solar energy is more than simply pointing panels at the sun. Despite looking like simple infrastructure, ground-mounted racking can vastly improve a solar operation’s overall performance. 

Racking systems allow operators to precisely angle panels to optimize generation and maximize results over the system’s lifespan. Luckily, solar EPCs have access to several types of racking systems to fit any budget, environment, or climate. 

Fixed Tilt Solar Racking 

True to its name, fixed tilt solar racking holds the solar panel at one tilt angle. 

Since the panels do not track the sun’s movement, installers must find the angle that maximizes sunlight absorption. This angle, called the azimuth, helps the panel collect as much sun as possible during peak hours. 

Azimuth angles use true north and the sun’s position to find the perfect direction to face the sun. To calculate the azimuth, developers can use the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Solar Position Algorithm to get results within 0.0003 degrees. 

Pros of Fixed Tilt Racking 

So, why do solar EPCs like using fixed-tilt systems for certain projects? It comes down to ease of installation and upkeep, durability, and application. 

Fixed tilt systems don’t have complex tracking systems, making them easy to install almost anywhere, ultimately saving time and labor costs. The system’s straightforward design also makes it useful across residential, community, and utility-scale projects. 

Fixed-tilt systems are more durable than other options. They need little maintenance over their usable lifespan and have a low risk of losing the sun’s position. The racking systems also do well in poor weather conditions, including where snow could be an issue. 

Finally, installers prefer fixed tilt systems when working with brownfields and other challenging landscapes. Brownfields are former industrial or commercial sites that may have environmental contaminants, making them unattractive for regular development. In cases like this, solar panel systems stationed in poured concrete hold up the panels without disturbing the ground too much. 

Concrete pads or blocks work in other challenging locations, too. Rolling hills make it hard for some tracking systems to work, but fixed-tilt systems don’t have similar problems. 

Cons of Fixed Tilt Racking 

Despite being cost-effective, durable, and easy to install, fixed tilt racking falls short in other ways. 

Because the racking system doesn’t move, solar panels don’t follow the sun through the sky. This limits the amount of sunlight the panels absorb, making them less efficient. 

Less efficiency also leads to another problem – less production. To offset the lack of production, developers may need to install more panels to achieve better results. The additional panels require space, leading to higher land costs and expenses. 

Shading can also cause issues for solar panels attached to fixed tilt racking because of their lack of movement. If a tree casts shade on a section of solar panels, their production plummets without a way to change direction. 

Single Axis Systems 

Unlike fixed-tilt mounting systems, single-axis ones follow the sun using tracking components. 

Because the system tracks the sun, panels collect more sunlight, leading to better solar power generation. Though they cost more than fixed-tilt options, their increased output means sites need fewer panels to produce the same power. 

To save money, developers can also install panels in long rows, using one drive system to control all the trackers at once. The cost is a little more burdensome in tight areas with shorter aisles because the installation requires more drives. 

Pros of Single-Axis Racking 

Single axis tracking setups are more expensive but prove their value by increasing long-term electricity generation. 

Moving, even in one lateral direction, makes a dramatic difference for most systems, including those in small spaces. Experts suggest single-axis setups are somewhere between 15-30% more efficient than fixed-tilt ones. This is because panels can keep pace with the sun all day. 

Furthermore, single-axis racking reduces impacts caused by shade. As the sun moves, the panels follow, as opposed to becoming trapped at a bad angle for hours on end. 

Cons of Single-Axis Racking 

When you introduce more complexity to a system, you increase the risk of something going wrong. 

While fixed tilt systems offer an easy-to-maintain, no-frills experience, single-axis systems need more maintenance. They also require space to allow the panels to safely move along their axis. When space is an issue, there may be less room for panels. 

Increasingly complex systems also come with higher price tags, as developers can expect to pay more for a single-axis system, compared to a fixed tilt one. Though the price may cause some cost-conscious developers to shy away, the added generating power helps soften the blow. 

Finally, it’s worth noting that single axis tracking systems don’t always perform well on difficult terrain. Whether it’s hilly areas, brownfields, or other tough conditions, setting up panels in one row is hard. As a result, solar EPCs must find creative ways to safely run these systems. 

Double (Dual) Axis Systems 

What’s better than a solar panel that follows the sun across the sky? How about a solar panel that tracks the sun’s elevation at the same time? 

Not only do double-axis trackers follow the sun east to west, but they can also move north to south, tracking elevation too. PV systems outfitted with dual-axis solar racking systems are up to 40% more efficient than standard fixed tilts. The result is a system capable of generating maximum electricity every day of the year. 

Pros of Double-Axis Racking 

One benefit of being incredibly efficient is that installations can often do more with less. 

When panels follow the sun better, farms need less space and fewer panels to achieve similar results. For developers, it means getting more power out of the same plot of land, reducing project costs. 

More importantly, double-axis tracker systems can negate issues caused by shade or clouds. When shade covers the panels, they can be repositioned, optimizing the situation and generating clean power. 

Cons of Double-Axis Racking 

Better technology often means higher costs. 

For some solar developers, the high upfront cost to install double-axis racking can be a tough pill to swallow. Unlike fixed-tilt trackers, these complex systems often require skilled workers to install, calibrate, and maintain them. 

Maintenance is critical to keeping a double-axis system running smoothly. If the trackers don’t work, they can’t follow the sun, hurting overall production and return on investment. However, with proper maintenance and care, the farm can “pay” developers back over time. 

Finally, it’s possible that even with proper maintenance, tracker components may wear out before the panels. Panels can go decades with only routine maintenance and cleaning, but moving parts tend to show wear and tear much sooner. 

Options for Every Installation 

Every installation is different, so developers and their teams should decide what racking is best for their situation. 

Budget-friendly options are easy to install and perform well across a variety of landscapes but are less efficient. Tracking systems dramatically increase energy generation but are more expensive and need more maintenance. 

No matter what, work alongside qualified companies and partners who understand your project’s needs and goals. Their experience and expertise can help you avoid pitfalls and navigate unexpected problems, making installations smoother and more productive.